Linux on the Road

Linux with Laptops, Notebooks, PDAs, Mobile Phones and Other Portable Devices

Werner Heuser

Version 3.22

Copyright (c) 2000-2011 Werner Heuser. For all chapters except "Lectures, Presentations, Animations and Slideshows" permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being "Preface" and "Credits", with the Front-Cover Texts being "Linux on the Road - the First Book on Mobile Linux", and with the Back-Cover Texts being the section "About the Author". A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

2011-12-12

Revision History
Revision 3.222011-12-12wh
The address of the opensuse-mobile mailing list has been added, a section power management for graphics cards has been added, a short description of Intel's LinuxPowerTop project has been added, all references to Suspend2 have been changed to TuxOnIce, links to OpenSync and Funambol syncronization packages have been added, some notes about SSDs have been added, many URLs have been checked and some minor improvements have been made.
Revision 3.212005-11-14wh
Some more typos have been fixed.
Revision 3.202005-11-14wh
Some typos have been fixed.
Revision 3.192005-11-14wh
A link to keytouch has been added, minor changes have been made.
Revision 3.182005-10-10wh
Some URLs have been updated, spelling has been corrected, minor changes have been made.
Revision 3.17.12005-09-28sh
A technical and a language review have been performed by Sebastian Henschel. Numerous bugs have been fixed and many URLs have been updated.
Revision 3.172005-08-28wh
Some more tools added to external monitor/projector section, link to Zaurus Development with Damn Small Linux added to cross-compile section, some additions about acoustic management for hard disks added, references to X.org added to X11 sections, link to laptop-mode-tools added, some URLs updated, spelling cleaned, minor changes.
Revision 3.162005-07-15wh
Added some information about pcmciautils, link to SoftwareSuspend2 added, localepurge for small HDDs, added chapter about FingerPrint Readers, added chapter about ExpressCards, link to Smart Battery System utils added to Batteries chapter, some additions to External Monitors chapter, links and descriptions added for: IBAM - the Intelligent Battery Monitor, lcdtest, DDCcontrol updated Credits section, minor changes.

Abstract

Mobile computer devices (laptops, notebooks, PDAs, mobile cell phones, portable audio and video players, digital cameras, calculators, wearables, ...) are different from desktop/tower computers. They use certain hardware such as PCMCIA cards, infrared and BlueTooth ports, wireless LAN, LCD displays, batteries, docking stations. Hardware parts cannot be changed as easily as in a desktops, e.g. the graphics card. Often their hardware is more limited (e.g. disk space, CPU speed). Though the performance gap to desktops is becoming smaller, e.g. in many instances, laptops or notebooks can become a desktop replacement.

Hardware support for Linux (and other operating systems) and mobile computer devices is sometimes more limited (e.g. graphics chips, internal modems). They often use specialized hardware, hence finding a driver can be more difficult. Many times they are used in changing environments, so there is a need for multiple configurations and additional security strategies.

Though there are laptop, notebook, PDA and mobile phone related HOWTOs available already, this guide contains a concise survey of documents related to mobile computer devices. Also Linux features, such as installation methods for laptops, notebooks and PDAs as well as configurations for different (network) environments are described.

Although there are some caveats, Linux is a better choice for mobile computer devices than most other operating systems, because it supports numerous installation methods, works in many heterogeneous environments and needs smaller resources.


Table of Contents

Preface
1. About the Author
2. Sponsoring
2.1. How to and Why Sponsor?
2.2. Table of Sponsors
3. About the Document
3.1. URLs in this Document
3.2. Latest Version, Mirrors
3.3. Proposed Translations
4. Contact
5. Disclaimer and Trademarks
I. Laptops and Notebooks
1. Which Laptop to Buy?
1. Introduction
2. Portables, Laptops/Notebooks, Sub/Mini-Notebooks, Palmtops, PDAs/HPCs
2.1. Portables
2.2. Laptops/Notebooks
2.3. Sub-Notebooks/Mini-Notebooks
2.4. Palmtops
2.5. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)/Handheld PCs (HPCs)
2.6. Wearables
3. Linux Features
4. Main Hardware Features
4.1. Weight
4.2. Display
4.3. Batteries
4.4. CPU
4.5. Number of Spindles
4.6. Cooling
4.7. Keyboard Quality
4.8. Price
4.9. Power Supply
5. Sources of More Information
6. Linux Compatibility Check
6.1. Related Documentation
6.2. Check Methods in General
7. Writing a Device Driver
8. Buying a Second Hand Laptop
9. No Hardware Recommendations
10. Linux Laptop and PDA Vendor Survey
2. Laptop Distributions
1. Requirements
2. Recommendation
3. Installation
1. Related Documentation
2. Prerequisites - BIOS, Boot Options, Partitioning
2.1. BIOS
2.2. Boot Options
2.3. Partitioning
3. Linux Tools to Repartition a Hard Disk
3.1. GNU parted
3.2. ext2resize
3.3. fixdisktable
3.4. Caveats
3.5. Multi Boot
4. Laptop Installation Methods
4.1. From a Boot Floppy plus CD/DVD-ROM - The Traditional Way
4.2. From a CD/DVD-ROM - The Usual Way
4.3. From a DOS or Windows Partition on the same Machine
4.4. From a Second Machine With a Micro Linux On a Floppy
4.5. From a Second (Desktop) Machine With a Hard Disk Adapter
4.6. From a PCMCIA Device
4.7. From a Parallel Port ZIP Drive
4.8. From a Parallel Port CD Drive (MicroSolutions BackPack)
4.9. From a Parallel Port Using a Second Machine
4.10. From a USB Storage Device (Stick, CD, DVD, Floppy)
4.11. Installing via Network Interface
4.12. Installing via VNC
4.13. Installing Linux on Small Machines
4.14. Installing Linux on Apple Macintosh PowerBooks and iBooks
4.15. Mass Installation
5. Common Problems During Installation
5.1. Display Problems (Missing Lines, Thick Borders)
II. Handheld Devices - Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
4. Palmtops, Personal Digital Assistants - PDAs, Handheld PCs - HPCs
1. Resources
5. History of Linux on PDAs
1. Itsy
1.1. Resources
6. Linux PDAs
1. AgendaComputing: Agenda VR3
1.1. Resources
2. Samsung: YOPY
2.1. Resources
3. SHARP SL-5000/5500/C700-860/C3x00/6000 aka Zaurus
3.1. The SHARP System
3.2. The Community Systems
3.3. Synchronization with your Linux PC
3.4. External Serial Keyboard
3.5. Cross-Compiling
3.6. Caveats
3.7. Resources
3.8. Conversion from Palm Pilot to Zaurus
7. Non-Linux PDAs - Ports and Tools
1. HELIO
1.1. Resources
2. iPAQ
2.1. Resources
2.2. Braille Terminal
3. Newton Message Pad
3.1. Resources
4. PALM-Pilot
4.1. Resources
5. HandSpring VISOR
5.1. USB
6. Psion 5
6.1. Resources
8. Connectivity
1. From a Linux Box to a non Linux PDA
III. Tablet PCs / Pen PCs
9. Tablet PCs / Pen PCs
1. Introduction
2. Display
2.1. Touchscreen
2.2. Screen Rotation
3. Handwriting Recognition
4. Keyboard
4.1. Soft Keyboard / On Screen Keyboard
4.2. Remote Keyboard
4.3. Virtual Keyboard
5. Wireless LAN
6. Examples
IV. Mobile (Cellular) Phones, Pagers, Calculators, Digital Cameras, Wearable Computing
10. Mobile (Cellular) Phones, Pagers
1. Mobile (Cellular) Phones
1.1. Connectivity to Mobile (Cellular) Phones with non-Linux Operating System
1.2. Mobile (Cellular) Phones with a Linux Operating System
2. Pagers - SMS Messages
11. Calculators, Digital Cameras, Wearable Computing
1. Digital Cameras
1.1. Related Documentation
1.2. Introduction
2. Pocket Calculators
3. Wearable Computing
4. Watches
5. Play Station Portable
V. Mobile Hardware in Detail
12. Hardware in Detail: CPU, Display, Keyboard, Sound and More
1. Introduction
2. BIOS
2.1. SMBios
3. CPU
3.1. SpeedStep
4. Centrino(tm), Centrino-Duo(tm)
4.1. CPU: Pentium-M
4.2. Chipset: 855/915
4.3. Wireless LAN: PRO/wireless 2100/2200 LAN Mini-PCI Adapter
4.4. Conclusion
5. PCMCIA Controller
5.1. Linux Compatibility Check
5.2. Related Documentation
5.3. PCMCIA Configuration - Survey
6. Graphics Chip
6.1. Linux Compatibility Check
6.2. Related Documentation
6.3. Survey X11-Servers
6.4. Resources
6.5. External Monitors: LCD, CRT, TV, Projector
6.6. Power Management for Graphics Cards
6.7. Miscellaneous
7. DVI Port
8. Video Port / ZV Port
9. LCD Display
9.1. Laptop Displays
9.2. PDA Displays
10. Sound
10.1. Linux Compatibility Check
10.2. Related Documentation
10.3. Survey Sound Drivers
10.4. Additional Soundcards
10.5. External and Internal CD Drives
11. Keyboard
11.1. Linux Compatibility Check
11.2. External (Second) Keyboard
12. Extra Keys / Hot Keys
12.1. Related Documentation
12.2. Utilities
13. Function Key
14. Power Key
15. Extra LEDs
16. Numeric Keypad
17. Pointing Devices - Mice and Their Relatives
17.1. Linux Compatibility Check
17.2. Related Documentation
17.3. Mice Species
17.4. PS/2 Mice
17.5. Touchpad
17.6. Jog-Dial
17.7. Touchscreens
17.8. Pen Devices, Mousepoints
17.9. External Mouse
17.10. Macintosh PowerBooks
18. Advanced Power Management - APM
18.1. Linux Compatibility Check
18.2. Introduction
18.3. Caveats
18.4. Troubleshooting
18.5. APM and PCMCIA
18.6. APM and Resuming X Windows
18.7. Software Suspend
18.8. Tips and Tricks
19. ACPI
19.1. Related Documentation
19.2. ACPI Details
20. Power Management Unit - PMU (PowerBook)
21. Batteries
21.1. Smart Battery Support
21.2. How to Improve Battery Uptime
22. Memory
23. Plug-and-Play Devices (PnP)
24. Docking Station / Port Replicator
24.1. Definitions
24.2. Other Solutions
24.3. Docking Station Connection Methods
24.4. Universal USB Port Replicators
25. Network Connections
25.1. Related Documentation
25.2. Connection Methods
25.3. Wake-On-LAN
26. Built-In Modem
26.1. Modem Types
26.2. Caveats
27. GPRS
28. SCSI
28.1. Linux Compatibility Check
28.2. Related Documentation
28.3. Survey
29. Universal Serial Bus - USB
29.1. Linux Compatibility Check
29.2. Miscellaneous
30. FireWire - IEEE1394 - i.Link
31. Floppy Drive
31.1. Linux Compatibility Check
32. Optical Drives (CD/DVD)
32.1. CD-ROM
32.2. CD-RW
32.3. DVD Drive
33. Hard Disk
33.1. Linux Compatibility Check
33.2. Utilities
33.3. Solid-State-Disks - SSDs
33.4. Miscellaneous
33.5. Form Factors
33.6. Manufacturer Tools
34. Hot-Swapping Devices (MultiBay, SelectBay, ..)
35. WireLess Network - WLAN
35.1. Related Documentation
35.2. Introduction
36. BlueTooth
37. Infrared Port
37.1. Linux Compatibility Check
37.2. Related Documentation
37.3. IrDA® Configuration - Survey
38. FingerPrint Reader
13. Accessories: PCMCIA, USB and Other External Extensions
1. PCMCIA Cards
1.1. Card Families
1.2. Linux Compatibility Check
2. ExpressCards
3. SmartCards
4. SDIO Cards
5. Memory Technology Devices - RAM and Flash Cards
6. Memory Stick
7. Card Readers for SD/MMC/Memory Stick
7.1. External Readers
7.2. Internal Readers
8. USB Devices
8.1. Ethernet Devices
8.2. BlueTooth Dongles
8.3. Port Replicators/Docking Stations
9. Printers and Scanners
9.1. Survey of Mobile Printers and Scanners
9.2. Scanner and OCR Software
9.3. Connectivity
10. Serial Devices
10.1. Keyspan PDA Serial Adapter
11. External Storage Devices
11.1. External Hard Disks
12. Power and Phone Plugs, Power Supply
13. Bags and Suitcases
VI. Kernel
14. Kernel History
1. Kernel 2.4
1.1. PCMCIA
1.2. Powermanagement
1.3. Hotplug
2. Kernel 2.6
2.1. PCMCIA
3. Kernel Configuration for Laptops
VII. On the Road
15. Different Environments
1. Related Documentation
2. Configuration Tools
2.1. NetEnv
2.2. System Configuration Profile Management - SCPM
2.3. ifplugd
2.4. divine
2.5. Mobile IP
2.6. DHCP/BootP
2.7. PPPD Options
2.8. /etc/init.d
2.9. PCMCIA - Schemes
2.10. Bootloaders
2.11. X-Windows
2.12. More Info
3. E-Mail
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Email with UUCP
3.3. MailSync
4. Data Transport Between Different Machines (Synchronization)
4.1. Useful Hardware
4.2. Useful Software
4.3. DataConversion: AddressBooks, BookMarks, Todo-Lists, LDAP, Webpages
5. Backup
6. Connections to Servers
7. Security in Different Environments
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Means of Security
8. Theft Protection
8.1. Means to Protect the Data
8.2. Means to Protect the Hardware
8.3. The Day After
8.4. Resources
9. Dealing with Down Times (Cron Jobs)
10. Mobile Printing
11. Noise Reduction
11.1. Console (Shell) and X11
11.2. PCMCIA
11.3. USB
11.4. Hotplug
11.5. Fan
11.6. Harddisk
11.7. Miscellaneous Applications
16. Solutions with Mobile Computers
1. Introduction
2. Mobile Network Analyzer
3. Mobile Router
4. Hacking and Cracking Networks
5. Mobile Data Collection
5.1. Related Documentation
5.2. Applications
5.3. Specific Environments
6. Mobile Office
7. Connection to Digital Camera
8. Connection to QuickCam (Video)
9. Connection to Television Set
10. Connection to Cellular Phone
11. Connection to Global Positioning System (GPS)
12. Connection via Amateur Radio (HAM)
13. Satellite Watching
14. Aviation
15. Blind or Visually Impaired Users
VIII. Appendix
A. Other Operating Systems
1. Microsoft DOS and Windows
1.1. Introduction
1.2. DOS Tools to Repartition a Hard Disk
1.3. Partition Sharing
1.4. Installation without CD Drive
1.5. Miscellaneous
2. BSD UNIX
3. OS/2
4. NOVELL Netware
5. Debian GNU/Hurd (hurd-i386)
B. Other Resources
1. Main WWW Resources
2. Mailing Lists
2.1. General Lists
2.2. Lists Dedicated to a Linux Distribution
2.3. Lists Dedicated to a Laptop or Manufacturer
3. USENET Newsgroups
3.1. Linux Newsgroups
3.2. PDA Newsgroups and IRC Channels
3.3. X Window System Newsgroups
3.4. Hardware Newsgroups
4. Newsletters, RSS Channels
5. Magazines, Blogs Newsletters
6. General Laptop Information
C. Repairing the Hardware
D. Survey about Micro Linuxes
E. Dealing with Limited Resources or Tuning the System
1. Related Documentation
2. Introduction
3. Small Space
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Techniques
4. Hard Disk Speed
5. Small Memory
5.1. Related Documentation
5.2. Techniques
6. Low CPU Speed
7. Power Saving Techniques
8. Kernel
8.1. Related Documentation
9. Tiny Applications and Distributions
10. Hardware Upgrade
F. Ecology and Laptops
1. Ecological Comparisons of Computers
G. NeoMagic Graphics Chipset Series NM20xx
1. Introduction
2. Textmode 100x37
2.1. Survey
2.2. More Details
2.3. Road Map
H. Annotated Bibliography: Books For Linux Nomads
I. Resources for Specific Laptop Brands
1. COMPAQ
2. DELL
3. IBM/Lenovo™ ThinkPad
4. Sony VAIO
5. Toshiba
J. Credits
K. Copyrights
1. Copyrights
2. GNU Free Documentation License - GFDL
2.1. 0. PREAMBLE
2.2. 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
2.3. 2. VERBATIM COPYING
2.4. 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
2.5. 4. MODIFICATIONS
2.6. 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
2.7. 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
2.8. 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
2.9. 8. TRANSLATION
2.10. 9. TERMINATION
2.11. 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

List of Figures

6.1. Screenshot of the YOPY PDA
6.2. Screenshot of the SHARP Zaurus SL-5500 PDA.
7.1. Screenshot of the HELIO PDA.
7.2. Screenshot of the iPAQ PDA.
7.3. Screenshot of the PALM-Pilot emulator POSE.
12.1. Screenshot of cardinfo
E.1. Screenshot of blackbox.

List of Tables

12.1. Arguments for the -t and -R option of gpm.