The Linux ``Linux-DOS-Win95-OS2'' mini-HOWTO


Mike Harlan, r3mdh@raex.com

v1.3.1, 11 November 1997
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This document presents a procedure to make 4 operating systems co-exist on a
single hard disk.
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  Disclaimer:
      Any damages inflicted on any machine by you as a result of your reading
      of this HOWTO is still YOUR FAULT. When you read about deleting
      partitions and formatting disks, be smart. Realize that doing any of the
      above will result in loss of data. So, BACKUP SOON, BACKUP OFTEN. This is
      your second-to-the-last warning.

  Stuff to make the lawyers happy:
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      If you have any questions, please contact Tim Bynum, the Linux HOWTO
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  Updates from v1.3:

      * Updated my e-mail address. My address has changed from
        r3mdh@imperium.net to r3mdh@raex.com.


  Updates from v1.0:

      * Updated my e-mail address. My address has changed from
        r3mdh@dax.cc.uakron.edu to r3mdh@imperium.net.


Now...........on with the show!

1. Introduction

After many days of struggle and frustration, I finally figured out how to
accomplish what I wanted. I have a 1.2GB HD and 16MB RAM PC. I wanted to have 4
operating systems on my system: MSDOS v6.22, Windows 95, OS/2, and Linux. Until
now, I have found no Linux HOWTO to perform the task of getting each and every
one of these operating systems on one machine and still have the ability to
boot each (it is possible to write the OSs to different partitions, but getting
them to boot and not hang at the ``Starting MSDOS'' message, for example, is
something that I had to figure out. Well, after much trial and error, I have
come up with the following recipe to perform this feat:
Before I begin going through the procedure step-by-step, let me first clue you
in on what I eventually wish to accomplish:


       <NAME>                      <SIZE>   <LABEL>  <PARTITION NUMBER>
       -------------------------------------------------------------------
       --
       MSDOS v6.22                   11MB   P1       Primary Partition 1
       -------------------------------------------------------------------
       --
       Windows '95                  350MB   P2       Primary Partition 2
       -------------------------------------------------------------------
       --
       OS/2 Boot Manager              2MB   P3       Primary Partition 3
       -------------------------------------------------------------------
       --
       DOS/Win Data                 511MB   E1       Primary Partition 4
       OS/2 Warp 3.0                127MB   E2       Extended into 4
       logical
       Linux Slakware 3.2 Swap        XMB   E3       drives (sub-
       partitions)
       Linux Slakware 3.2 Native  219-XMB   E4       labeled E1-E4
       -------------------------------------------------------------------
       --


What does all of this mean? Well, let me talk you through it. First, we need to
use up all 4 partitions on our 1 harddrive. Partitions 1 through 3 are PRIMARY
partitions. We will store MSDOS, Win95 and the OS/2 Boot Manager (which
inefficiently requires its OWN partition) on these partitions, respectively. We
then have 1 partition left. But, we want to have a drive just for DOS/Win95
data (this gives us a large place to dump all of those ZIP files we so often
download from the Internet as well as a place to store Win95 programs and data
that we don't have enough room for on the Win95 partition), OS/2, and Linux
(both a Linux native as well as Linux swap partition).
Now, I've been getting a lot of grief through e-mail lately about why I have a
separate partition for Win95 and one for DOS and one for Win95/DOS data. Here's
my answer: having separate Win95 and DOS partitions isn't for everyone. Perhaps
you don't even use DOS anymore. Perhaps Windows '95 is your answer for any
software written for a Microsoft platform. Well, there are some people out
there who still use DOS and can't live without it. Whether it's because DOS can
run 16-bit applications faster and more efficient, or because the certain DOS
program that you may use won't run under a Windows environment (the Gravis
Ultrasound soundcard setup program comes to mind), you simply MUST be able to
boot into DOS from time to time. This HOWTO was written with those people in
mind. If you still have difficulty swallowing the fact that the word ``MSDOS''
is included in this HOWTO, then feel free to sit down and write a Linux-Win95-
OS/2-only HOWTO. :)
Now, back to the diagram above. Like I said, we have 1 partition to cram 4
things onto: DOS/Win data, OS/2, and Linux native &amp; swap. This can be done
by creating what are called logical drives (or logical partitions, depending on
which book you read) within the 1 primary partition. When we create these
logical drives within a primary partition, we refer to this primary partition
as an EXTENDED PARTITION (because it is extended beyond the scope of a single,
primary partition and instead contains up to 3 subpartitions (logical drives)).
Confused? If so, you might want to read the OS/2 manual about this topic. It
will explain it better than I have here.
Now, you might be scratching your head saying ``he wants to cram 4 things onto
that extended partition, but he just got done saying we can only have 3
subpartitions to put them on!'' This is true, at least in MS-DOS's and OS/2's
reasoning. But, here one of the many powerful advantages to Linux comes to save
the day. Linux can create more than 3 subpartitions on an extended drive. Just
how many, I don't know. But, I know it can create at LEAST 4 (what we need).
So, when we go through the steps of the installation procedure below, keep in
mind that when we create partitions using an MSDOS or OS/2 program, we will
only create 3 logical drives. Then, when we go to Linux, we will split one of
them into two. Essentially, you can think of it as ``tricking'' MSDOS and OS/
2 into seeing only 3 logical drives, but in reality (and to Linux), there will
be 4.

2. The Procedure



  NOTE:
      Numbers in parentheses were the number of megabytes that I used on my
      1.2GB harddrive.

Now, let's move on to the step-by-step procedure:

  1. Run view.exe on the Linux Slakware CD and create the Linux Boot and Linux
     Root floppies. For some reason, the Linux bootstrap program calls the Root
     disk the Ramdisk floppy. I'll refer to this disk from now on as the
     Ramdisk (Root) floppy.
  2. Backup any information that you wish to keep to tape (or whatever media
     you have available to you).
  3. Boot your original MSDOS installation floppy, disk 1.
  4. When ``Starting MSDOS'' appears, press F5 to bypass config.sys and
     autoexec.bat.
  5. Run a:\fdisk.exe.
  6. Delete all partitions (you have been warned: DELETING / MODIFYING OF ANY
     PARTITION WILL RESULT IN THE LOSS OF ALL DATA ON THE DISK!).
  7. Add an MSDOS primary partition. (11MB)
  8. Format this partition.
  9. Run a:\setup.exe to install MSDOS on this partition.
 10. Boot OS/2.
 11. Select Advanced installation.
 12. Run FDISK. (this will eventually popup for you if you run through the OS/
     2 installation)
 13. Add 1 primary partition after the MSDOS one. This will become our Windows
     95 partition. (349MB)
 14. Add the Boot Manager to the next primary partition. (2MB)
 15. Add an extended partition.
 16. Add a logical drive to the extended partition. This will become the data
     portion of our MSDOS system. (511MB)
 17. Add another logical drive to the extended partition. This will become our
     OS/2 HPFS (``High Performance File System'') partition. (127MB)
 18. Add 1 last logical drive to the extended partition using the remaining
     space on the drive. This will later become 2 partitions under Linux
     &mdash; our swap partition and our native Linux partition. But, since OS/
     2 (and DOS as well) can only write up to 6 partitions per drive (3 primary
     and 3 logical drives housed within 1 extended partition), we have to
     create only one at this time. And we DO have to create this partition.
     Don't leave this as free space and expect Linux to be able to create the
     two partitions. Due to the way that OS/2's FDISK works, where you add your
     last logical drive to the extended partition marks the END of the extended
     partition. You cannot add partitions beyond this point. So, in other
     words, creating this one last logical drive serves as a space-filler for
     Linux. Later we will delete this partition and add 2 new ones in the space
     that it once took up.
 19. Add partitions 1, 2, and 5 to the Boot Manager.
 20. Make partition 5 installable. Your FDISK screen should now look like this
     (or something like this):

          ----------------------------------------------------------------


                                           FDISK

            Disk 1
            ___________________________________________________________________________

            Partition Information
            Name            Status          Access          FS Type
            MBytes
            ___________________________________________________________________________

            MSDOS           Bootable        C: Primary      FAT
            11
            WIN 95          Bootable         : Primary      FAT
            350
                            Startable        : Primary      BOOT MANAGER
            2
                            None            D: Logical      Unformatted
            511
            OS/2            Installable     E: Logical      FAT
            127
                            None            F: Logical      Unformatted
            219


          ----------------------------------------------------------------

 21. Continue on with the OS/2 installation process.
 22. Reboot and select partition 2 (Windows 95) from the Boot Manager.
 23. When the missing operating system error pops up, boot your MSDOS
     installation disk. We selected this partition in order to ``hide'' the
     MSDOS partition. OS/2's Boot Manager is a bit strange. For every bootable
     partition you have (in our case, MSDOS and OS/2), you can have only one of
     them visible at a time. What this means is that if you boot into one
     partition, MSDOS for example, the other partition (Win95) is invisible.
     The MSDOS partition and Win95 essentially SHARE a drive letter. That's why
     under ``Access'' above, MSDOS has drive letter C and Win95 has no drive
     letter. Under the current circumstances, MSDOS is visible with drive
     letter C and Win95 is invisible with no drive letter. If we were to boot
     Win95, the opposite would be true: MSDOS would be invisible with no drive
     letter and Win95 would be visible with drive letter C. An invisible drive
     cannot be accessed AT ALL. If you wish to copy files between two drives in
     which only one can be visible at one time, you must use a common (non-
     bootable) drive to swap files. In our case, the DOS/Win95 Data drive
     (drive D 511MB above) will serve as this common drive. You might be asking
     ``Won't we eventually be booting Linux also?''. The answer is yes, we
     will. But let's not get into that just yet.
 24. Install MSDOS to Partition 2 (we'll need this in order to install Windows
     95).
 25. Boot Partition 2.
 26. Install Windows 95 to this partition (if you are running the upgrade
     version of Win95, you may need to have your Win3.1 installation disk 1
     ready to insert).
 27. Boot Partition 1.
 28. Format Partition 4.
 29. Restore DOS data from tape (if any) to partitions 1 and 4.
 30. Boot the Linux Boot Floppy.
 31. Follow up with the Linux Ramdisk (Root) floppy.
 32. When you log in as root and get to the # prompt, type ``fdisk'' and press
     enter.
 33. Delete the last partition (the one we created in step 18).
 34. Add 1 16MB partition and tag it as filesystem type Linux Swap. (17MB)
 35. Add 1 last partition with the remaining cylinders on the disk and tag this
     as filesystem type Linux native. (198MB)
 36. Write the changes to the boot sector and reboot.
 37. When you get to the # prompt again, run setup.
 38. Install Linux to the last partition.
 39. When you install LILO, be sure to install it to the root of the last
     partition (NOT to the MBR, as you will destroy all of your previous work
     in this HOWTO if you do so). Add only the last partition to LILO and set
     the timer to zero. By doing this, when you select Linux from the OS/2 Boot
     Manager, LILO will activate and will then boot Linux from the logical
     drive on the extended partition. Since Linux is the only partition that we
     wish to activate from LILO, we don't need a timer on it (unless you have
     more than one Kernel that you wish to load. In this case, you may want to
     set the timer to something more than 0 seconds).
 40. Activate the Linux swap partition (refer to the Linux Installation and
     Getting Started Manual by Matt Welsh for this).
 41. Boot OS/2.
 42. Run FDISK.
 43. Add Linux to the Boot Manager using the Linux NATIVE partition (type 83
     not 82!).

Your FDISK screen should now look like this (or something like this):

     ---------------------------------------------------------------------


                                      FDISK

       Disk 1
       ___________________________________________________________________________

       Partition Information
       Name            Status          Access          FS Type
       MBytes
       ___________________________________________________________________________

       MSDOS           Bootable        C: Primary      FAT              11
       WIN 95          Bootable         : Primary      FAT             350
                       Startable        : Primary      BOOT MANAGER      2
                       None            D: Logical      FAT             511
       OS/2            Bootable        E: Logical      HPFS            127
                       None             : Logical      Type 82          17
       Linux           Bootable         : Logical      Type 83         198

     ---------------------------------------------------------------------

...And you're done!
Send any comments/suggestions/problems (as a last resort, please!) to me at
r3mdh@raex.com.
Mike Harlan, 11 NOV 1997